Newton’s First Law Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. This we recognize as essentially Galileo’s concept of inertia, and this is often termed simply the “Law of Inertia”.

Newton’s’ Second Law The relationship between an object’s mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector. This is the most powerful of Newton’s three Laws, because it allows quantitative calculations of dynamics: how do velocities change when forces are applied. According to Newton, a force causes only a change in velocity (an acceleration); it does not maintain the velocity. This is sometimes summarized by saying that under Newton, F = ma. According to Newton an object with a certain velocity maintains that velocity unless a force acts on it to cause an acceleration (that is, a change in the velocity). Or in the case of a whip the mass decreases.

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